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null (Ed.)The self-assembly and coordination of amphiphiles comprised of naphthalenediimide (NDI) and bis(indolyl)methane (BIM) chromophores were investigated as a function of pH and metal. As observed by TEM, SEM and AFM imaging, the self-assembly of NDI-BIM 1 produced irregular nanostructures at neutral pH in CH 3 CN–H 2 O (1 : 1); whereas, well-defined nanotubes were observed at pH 2. Conversely, Fmoc-protected, NDI-BIM 2 formed nanotubes at neutral pH and nonspecific aggregates at pH 2. Upon coordination of Cu 2+ ions to the bis(indoyl)methane moiety, a reorganization from nanotubes to vesicular structures was observed.more » « less
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null (Ed.)The self-assembly of bolaamphiphiles comprised of a central photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) chromophore was investigated in aqueous media. Irradiation at 254 nm induced a conversion from the open to closed states of the DTE chromophores. Whereas, in water, irradiation produced a photostationary state of 20 : 80 (open/closed), in methanol the ratio improved to 10 : 90 (open/closed). The open → closed transition was accompanied by the formation of 1D nanofibers during incubation in darkness.more » « less
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Abstract The striatum plays an important role in learning, selecting, and executing actions. As a major input hub of the basal ganglia, it receives and processes a diverse array of signals related to sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Aberrant neural activity in this area is implicated in a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is therefore important to understand the hallmarks of disrupted striatal signal processing. This review surveys literature examining howin vivostriatal microcircuit dynamics are impacted in animal models of one of the most widely studied movement disorders, Parkinson's disease. The review identifies four major features of aberrant striatal dynamics: altered relative levels of direct and indirect pathway activity, impaired information processing by projection neurons, altered information processing by interneurons, and increased synchrony.more » « less
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